Properties

Label 24.96.1-12.h.1.23
Level $24$
Index $96$
Genus $1$
Analytic rank $0$
Cusps $8$
$\Q$-cusps $4$

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Invariants

Level: $24$ $\SL_2$-level: $24$ Newform level: $48$
Index: $96$ $\PSL_2$-index:$48$
Genus: $1 = 1 + \frac{ 48 }{12} - \frac{ 0 }{4} - \frac{ 0 }{3} - \frac{ 8 }{2}$
Cusps: $8$ (of which $4$ are rational) Cusp widths $2^{2}\cdot4^{2}\cdot6^{2}\cdot12^{2}$ Cusp orbits $1^{4}\cdot2^{2}$
Elliptic points: $0$ of order $2$ and $0$ of order $3$
Analytic rank: $0$
$\Q$-gonality: $2$
$\overline{\Q}$-gonality: $2$
Rational cusps: $4$
Rational CM points: none

Other labels

Cummins and Pauli (CP) label: 12P1
Rouse, Sutherland, and Zureick-Brown (RSZB) label: 24.96.1.80

Level structure

$\GL_2(\Z/24\Z)$-generators: $\begin{bmatrix}7&20\\12&23\end{bmatrix}$, $\begin{bmatrix}13&3\\0&19\end{bmatrix}$, $\begin{bmatrix}13&23\\0&11\end{bmatrix}$, $\begin{bmatrix}17&5\\12&23\end{bmatrix}$, $\begin{bmatrix}19&1\\0&17\end{bmatrix}$, $\begin{bmatrix}23&12\\0&19\end{bmatrix}$
$\GL_2(\Z/24\Z)$-subgroup: $C_4^2:C_2^2\times D_6$
Contains $-I$: no $\quad$ (see 12.48.1.h.1 for the level structure with $-I$)
Cyclic 24-isogeny field degree: $2$
Cyclic 24-torsion field degree: $16$
Full 24-torsion field degree: $768$

Jacobian

Conductor: $2^{4}\cdot3$
Simple: yes
Squarefree: yes
Decomposition: $1$
Newforms: 48.2.a.a

Models

Weierstrass model Weierstrass model

$ y^{2} $ $=$ $ x^{3} + x^{2} - 4x - 4 $
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Rational points

This modular curve has 4 rational cusps but no known non-cuspidal rational points. The following are the coordinates of the rational cusps on this modular curve.

Weierstrass model
$(-2:0:1)$, $(-1:0:1)$, $(2:0:1)$, $(0:1:0)$

Maps to other modular curves

$j$-invariant map of degree 48 from the Weierstrass model of this modular curve to the modular curve $X(1)$ :

$\displaystyle j$ $=$ $\displaystyle \frac{704x^{2}y^{14}-177336930x^{2}y^{12}z^{2}+6662967048x^{2}y^{10}z^{4}-39730690445x^{2}y^{8}z^{6}-1733264134600x^{2}y^{6}z^{8}-31191974083449x^{2}y^{4}z^{10}-218165583033940x^{2}y^{2}z^{12}-541652977285693x^{2}z^{14}-167892xy^{14}z+722985420xy^{12}z^{3}-7149731535xy^{10}z^{5}-105491553972xy^{8}z^{7}-7173558615824xy^{6}z^{9}-109550050338006xy^{4}z^{11}-699635493558081xy^{2}z^{13}-1624959302500352xz^{15}-y^{16}+14346820y^{14}z^{2}-1769988750y^{12}z^{4}+2528788963y^{10}z^{6}-493342117851y^{8}z^{8}-14196265474872y^{6}z^{10}-146064819305179y^{4}z^{12}-662021026500463y^{2}z^{14}-1083306712635148z^{16}}{y^{2}(x^{2}y^{12}+7956x^{2}y^{10}z^{2}+1491176x^{2}y^{8}z^{4}+35241762x^{2}y^{6}z^{6}+181423109x^{2}y^{4}z^{8}+262144x^{2}y^{2}z^{10}+262144x^{2}z^{12}+40xy^{12}z+67407xy^{10}z^{3}+6695820xy^{8}z^{5}+120907433xy^{6}z^{7}+544079872xy^{4}z^{9}-196608xy^{2}z^{11}-262144xz^{13}+726y^{12}z^{2}+355527y^{10}z^{4}+15297521y^{8}z^{6}+146300111y^{6}z^{8}+362860524y^{4}z^{10}-720896y^{2}z^{12}-524288z^{14})}$

Modular covers

The following modular covers realize this modular curve as a fiber product over $X(1)$.

Factor curve Level Index Degree Genus Rank Kernel decomposition
$X_0(3)$ $3$ $24$ $12$ $0$ $0$ full Jacobian
8.24.0-4.d.1.2 $8$ $4$ $4$ $0$ $0$ full Jacobian

This modular curve minimally covers the modular curves listed below.

Covered curve Level Index Degree Genus Rank Kernel decomposition
8.24.0-4.d.1.2 $8$ $4$ $4$ $0$ $0$ full Jacobian
24.48.0-12.g.1.12 $24$ $2$ $2$ $0$ $0$ full Jacobian
24.48.0-12.g.1.15 $24$ $2$ $2$ $0$ $0$ full Jacobian

This modular curve is minimally covered by the modular curves in the database listed below.

Covering curve Level Index Degree Genus Rank Kernel decomposition
24.192.1-12.e.1.5 $24$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $0$ dimension zero
24.192.1-12.e.1.15 $24$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $0$ dimension zero
24.192.1-12.e.2.7 $24$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $0$ dimension zero
24.192.1-12.e.2.9 $24$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $0$ dimension zero
24.192.1-24.cx.1.9 $24$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $0$ dimension zero
24.192.1-24.cx.1.16 $24$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $0$ dimension zero
24.192.1-24.cx.2.9 $24$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $0$ dimension zero
24.192.1-24.cx.2.16 $24$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $0$ dimension zero
24.192.3-12.m.1.5 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $1^{2}$
24.192.3-12.n.1.11 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $1^{2}$
24.192.3-12.o.1.15 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $2$
24.192.3-12.o.2.15 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $2$
24.192.3-24.de.1.2 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $1^{2}$
24.192.3-24.df.1.12 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $1^{2}$
24.192.3-24.ds.1.7 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $2$ $1^{2}$
24.192.3-24.dt.1.7 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $1^{2}$
24.192.3-24.eb.1.3 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $1^{2}$
24.192.3-24.ec.1.5 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $1$ $1^{2}$
24.192.3-24.ed.1.4 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $2$
24.192.3-24.ed.1.14 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $2$
24.192.3-24.ed.2.4 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $2$
24.192.3-24.ed.2.14 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $2$
24.192.3-24.ee.1.3 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $2$
24.192.3-24.ee.1.16 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $2$
24.192.3-24.ee.2.3 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $2$
24.192.3-24.ee.2.16 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $2$
24.192.3-24.ef.1.22 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $2$
24.192.3-24.ef.2.22 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $2$
24.192.3-24.em.1.3 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $1^{2}$
24.192.3-24.en.1.6 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $1^{2}$
24.192.3-24.eq.1.6 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $1^{2}$
24.192.3-24.er.1.4 $24$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $0$ $1^{2}$
24.192.5-24.bc.1.19 $24$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $0$ $1^{4}$
24.192.5-24.bd.1.15 $24$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $1$ $1^{4}$
24.192.5-24.be.1.17 $24$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $1$ $1^{4}$
24.192.5-24.bf.1.15 $24$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $2$ $1^{4}$
24.192.5-24.bg.1.4 $24$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $0$ $4$
24.192.5-24.bg.2.4 $24$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $0$ $4$
24.192.5-24.bh.1.6 $24$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $0$ $4$
24.192.5-24.bh.2.8 $24$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $0$ $4$
24.288.5-12.n.1.15 $24$ $3$ $3$ $5$ $0$ $1^{4}$
72.288.5-36.h.1.5 $72$ $3$ $3$ $5$ $?$ not computed
72.288.9-36.n.1.11 $72$ $3$ $3$ $9$ $?$ not computed
72.288.9-36.p.1.23 $72$ $3$ $3$ $9$ $?$ not computed
120.192.1-60.i.1.13 $120$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
120.192.1-60.i.1.19 $120$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
120.192.1-60.i.2.13 $120$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
120.192.1-60.i.2.19 $120$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
120.192.1-120.qt.1.20 $120$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
120.192.1-120.qt.1.29 $120$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
120.192.1-120.qt.2.20 $120$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
120.192.1-120.qt.2.29 $120$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
120.192.3-60.bh.1.19 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-60.bi.1.14 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-60.bj.1.19 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-60.bj.2.19 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.jg.1.29 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.jh.1.21 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.jk.1.3 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.jl.1.11 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.kf.1.32 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.kg.1.29 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.kh.1.7 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.kh.1.25 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.kh.2.7 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.kh.2.25 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.ki.1.3 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.ki.1.29 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.ki.2.3 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.ki.2.29 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.kj.1.26 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.kj.2.26 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.ku.1.19 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.kv.1.3 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.ky.1.13 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.3-120.kz.1.29 $120$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
120.192.5-120.bg.1.3 $120$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
120.192.5-120.bh.1.3 $120$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
120.192.5-120.bi.1.3 $120$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
120.192.5-120.bj.1.3 $120$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
120.192.5-120.bk.1.1 $120$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
120.192.5-120.bk.2.1 $120$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
120.192.5-120.bl.1.1 $120$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
120.192.5-120.bl.2.1 $120$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
120.480.17-60.p.1.51 $120$ $5$ $5$ $17$ $?$ not computed
168.192.1-84.i.1.11 $168$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
168.192.1-84.i.1.17 $168$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
168.192.1-84.i.2.9 $168$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
168.192.1-84.i.2.18 $168$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
168.192.1-168.qt.1.18 $168$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
168.192.1-168.qt.1.31 $168$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
168.192.1-168.qt.2.20 $168$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
168.192.1-168.qt.2.29 $168$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
168.192.3-84.bh.1.24 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-84.bi.1.15 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-84.bj.1.31 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-84.bj.2.23 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.hg.1.9 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.hh.1.29 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.hk.1.29 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.hl.1.17 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.if.1.14 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.ig.1.28 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.ih.1.16 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.ih.1.18 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.ih.2.14 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.ih.2.20 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.ii.1.4 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.ii.1.30 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.ii.2.8 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.ii.2.26 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.ij.1.30 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.ij.2.34 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.iq.1.25 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.ir.1.13 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.iu.1.21 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.3-168.iv.1.19 $168$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
168.192.5-168.br.1.32 $168$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
168.192.5-168.bs.1.12 $168$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
168.192.5-168.bt.1.32 $168$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
168.192.5-168.bu.1.8 $168$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
168.192.5-168.bv.1.10 $168$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
168.192.5-168.bv.2.18 $168$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
168.192.5-168.bw.1.30 $168$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
168.192.5-168.bw.2.30 $168$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
264.192.1-132.i.1.16 $264$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
264.192.1-132.i.1.17 $264$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
264.192.1-132.i.2.13 $264$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
264.192.1-132.i.2.20 $264$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
264.192.1-264.qt.1.17 $264$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
264.192.1-264.qt.1.32 $264$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
264.192.1-264.qt.2.17 $264$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
264.192.1-264.qt.2.32 $264$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
264.192.3-132.bh.1.22 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-132.bi.1.24 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-132.bj.1.24 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-132.bj.2.28 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.hg.1.29 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.hh.1.33 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.hk.1.29 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.hl.1.33 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.if.1.13 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.ig.1.13 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.ih.1.3 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.ih.1.29 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.ih.2.3 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.ih.2.29 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.ii.1.1 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.ii.1.31 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.ii.2.1 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.ii.2.31 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.ij.1.28 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.ij.2.28 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.iq.1.25 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.ir.1.19 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.iu.1.25 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.3-264.iv.1.19 $264$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
264.192.5-264.bc.1.20 $264$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
264.192.5-264.bd.1.8 $264$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
264.192.5-264.be.1.20 $264$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
264.192.5-264.bf.1.8 $264$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
264.192.5-264.bg.1.5 $264$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
264.192.5-264.bg.2.5 $264$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
264.192.5-264.bh.1.17 $264$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
264.192.5-264.bh.2.17 $264$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
312.192.1-156.i.1.17 $312$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
312.192.1-156.i.1.22 $312$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
312.192.1-156.i.2.14 $312$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
312.192.1-156.i.2.21 $312$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
312.192.1-312.qt.1.17 $312$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
312.192.1-312.qt.1.28 $312$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
312.192.1-312.qt.2.18 $312$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
312.192.1-312.qt.2.29 $312$ $2$ $2$ $1$ $?$ dimension zero
312.192.3-156.bh.1.10 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-156.bi.1.14 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-156.bj.1.27 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-156.bj.2.19 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.jg.1.22 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.jh.1.20 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.jk.1.6 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.jl.1.10 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.kf.1.21 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.kg.1.28 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.kh.1.2 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.kh.1.23 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.kh.2.6 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.kh.2.25 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.ki.1.2 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.ki.1.27 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.ki.2.6 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.ki.2.25 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.kj.1.32 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.kj.2.36 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.ku.1.10 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.kv.1.6 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.ky.1.20 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.3-312.kz.1.22 $312$ $2$ $2$ $3$ $?$ not computed
312.192.5-312.bg.1.5 $312$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
312.192.5-312.bh.1.5 $312$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
312.192.5-312.bi.1.11 $312$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
312.192.5-312.bj.1.29 $312$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
312.192.5-312.bk.1.5 $312$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
312.192.5-312.bk.2.3 $312$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
312.192.5-312.bl.1.5 $312$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed
312.192.5-312.bl.2.3 $312$ $2$ $2$ $5$ $?$ not computed