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Properties

Label 23.1
Order \( 23 \)
Exponent \( 23 \)
Abelian yes
Simple yes
$\card{\Aut(G)}$ \( 2 \cdot 11 \)
Perm deg. $23$
Trans deg. $23$
Rank $1$

Related objects

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Show commands: Gap / Magma / SageMath

Copy content magma:G := CyclicGroup(23);
 
Copy content gap:G := CyclicGroup(23);
 
Copy content sage:G = CyclicPermutationGroup(23)
 
Copy content sage_gap:G = libgap.SmallGroup(23, 1)
 
Copy content comment:Define the group as a permutation group
 

Group information

Description:$C_{23}$
Order: \(23\)
Copy content comment:Order of the group
 
Copy content magma:Order(G);
 
Copy content gap:Order(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.order()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.Order()
 
Exponent: \(23\)
Copy content comment:Exponent of the group
 
Copy content magma:Exponent(G);
 
Copy content gap:Exponent(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.exponent()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.Exponent()
 
Automorphism group:$C_{22}$, of order \(22\)\(\medspace = 2 \cdot 11 \)
Copy content comment:Automorphism group
 
Copy content gap:AutomorphismGroup(G);
 
Copy content magma:AutomorphismGroup(G);
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.AutomorphismGroup()
 
Composition factors:$C_{23}$
Copy content comment:Composition factors of the group
 
Copy content magma:CompositionFactors(G);
 
Copy content gap:CompositionSeries(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.composition_series()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.CompositionSeries()
 
Nilpotency class:$1$
Copy content comment:Nilpotency class of the group
 
Copy content magma:NilpotencyClass(G);
 
Copy content gap:NilpotencyClassOfGroup(G);
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.NilpotencyClassOfGroup()
 
Derived length:$1$
Copy content comment:Derived length of the group
 
Copy content magma:DerivedLength(G);
 
Copy content gap:DerivedLength(G);
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.DerivedLength()
 

This group is cyclic (hence abelian, nilpotent, solvable, supersolvable, monomial, elementary, hyperelementary, metacyclic, metabelian, a Z-group, and an A-group), a $p$-group, and simple.

Copy content comment:Determine if the group G is abelian
 
Copy content magma:IsAbelian(G);
 
Copy content gap:IsAbelian(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.is_abelian()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.IsAbelian()
 
Copy content comment:Determine if the group G is cyclic
 
Copy content magma:IsCyclic(G);
 
Copy content gap:IsCyclic(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.is_cyclic()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.IsCyclic()
 
Copy content comment:Determine if the group G is nilpotent
 
Copy content magma:IsNilpotent(G);
 
Copy content gap:IsNilpotentGroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.is_nilpotent()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.IsNilpotentGroup()
 
Copy content comment:Determine if the group G is solvable
 
Copy content magma:IsSolvable(G);
 
Copy content gap:IsSolvableGroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.is_solvable()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.IsSolvableGroup()
 
Copy content comment:Determine if the group G is supersolvable
 
Copy content gap:IsSupersolvableGroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.is_supersolvable()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.IsSupersolvableGroup()
 
Copy content comment:Determine if the group G is simple
 
Copy content magma:IsSimple(G);
 
Copy content gap:IsSimpleGroup(G);
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.IsSimpleGroup()
 

Group statistics

Copy content comment:Compute statistics for the group G
 
Copy content magma:// Magma code to output the first two rows of the group statistics table element_orders := [Order(g) : g in G]; orders := Set(element_orders); printf "Orders: %o\n", orders; printf "Elements: %o %o\n", [#[x : x in element_orders | x eq n] : n in orders], Order(G); cc_orders := [cc[1] : cc in ConjugacyClasses(G)]; printf "Conjugacy classes: %o %o\n", [#[x : x in cc_orders | x eq n] : n in orders], #cc_orders;
 
Copy content gap:# Gap code to output the first two rows of the group statistics table element_orders := List(Elements(G), g -> Order(g)); orders := Set(element_orders); Print("Orders: ", orders, "\n"); element_counts := List(orders, n -> Length(Filtered(element_orders, x -> x = n))); Print("Elements: ", element_counts, " ", Size(G), "\n"); cc_orders := List(ConjugacyClasses(G), cc -> Order(Representative(cc))); cc_counts := List(orders, n -> Length(Filtered(cc_orders, x -> x = n))); Print("Conjugacy classes: ", cc_counts, " ", Length(ConjugacyClasses(G)), "\n");
 
Copy content sage:# Sage code to output the first two rows of the group statistics table element_orders = [g.order() for g in G] orders = sorted(list(set(element_orders))) print("Orders:", orders) print("Elements:", [element_orders.count(n) for n in orders], G.order()) cc_orders = [cc[0].order() for cc in G.conjugacy_classes()] print("Conjugacy classes:", [cc_orders.count(n) for n in orders], len(cc_orders))
 

Order 1 23
Elements 1 22 23
Conjugacy classes   1 22 23
Divisions 1 1 2
Autjugacy classes 1 1 2

Copy content comment:Compute statistics about the characters of G
 
Copy content magma:// Outputs [<d_1,c_1>, <d_2,c_2>, ...] where c_i is the number of irr. complex chars. of G with degree d_i CharacterDegrees(G);
 
Copy content gap:# Outputs [[d_1,c_1], [d_2,c_2], ...] where c_i is the number of irr. complex chars. of G with degree d_i CharacterDegrees(G);
 
Copy content sage:# Outputs [[d_1,c_1], [d_2,c_2], ...] where c_i is the number of irr. complex chars. of G with degree d_i character_degrees = [c[0] for c in G.character_table()] [[n, character_degrees.count(n)] for n in set(character_degrees)]
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.CharacterDegrees()
 

Dimension 1 22
Irr. complex chars.   23 0 23
Irr. rational chars. 1 1 2

Minimal presentations

Permutation degree:$23$
Transitive degree:$23$
Rank: $1$
Inequivalent generators: $1$

Minimal degrees of faithful linear representations

Over $\mathbb{C}$ Over $\mathbb{R}$ Over $\mathbb{Q}$
Irreducible 1 2 22
Arbitrary 1 2 22

Constructions

Show commands: Gap / Magma / SageMath


Groups of Lie type:$\ASigmaL(1,23)$
Presentation: $\langle a \mid a^{23}=1 \rangle$ Copy content Toggle raw display
Copy content comment:Define the group with the given generators and relations
 
Copy content magma:G := PCGroup([1, -23]); a := Explode([G.1]); AssignNames(~G, ["a"]);
 
Copy content gap:G := PcGroupCode(0,23); a := G.1;
 
Copy content sage:# This uses Sage's interface to GAP, as Sage (currently) has no native support for PC groups G = gap.new('PcGroupCode(0,23)'); a = G.1;
 
Copy content sage_gap:# This uses Sage's interface to GAP, as Sage (currently) has no native support for PC groups G = gap.new('PcGroupCode(0,23)'); a = G.1;
 
Permutation group:Degree $23$ $\langle(1,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2)\rangle$ Copy content Toggle raw display
Copy content comment:Define the group as a permutation group
 
Copy content magma:G := PermutationGroup< 23 | (1,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2) >;
 
Copy content gap:G := Group( (1,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2) );
 
Copy content sage:G = PermutationGroup(['(1,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2)'])
 
Matrix group:$\left\langle \left(\begin{array}{rr} 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right) \right\rangle \subseteq \GL_{2}(\F_{23})$
Copy content comment:Define the group as a matrix group with coefficients in GLFp
 
Copy content magma:G := MatrixGroup< 2, GF(23) | [[1, 1, 0, 1]] >;
 
Copy content gap:G := Group([[[ Z(23)^0, Z(23)^0 ], [ 0*Z(23), Z(23)^0 ]]]);
 
Copy content sage:MS = MatrixSpace(GF(23), 2, 2) G = MatrixGroup([MS([[1, 1], [0, 1]])])
 
Transitive group: 23T1 more information
Direct product: not isomorphic to a non-trivial direct product
Semidirect product: not isomorphic to a non-trivial semidirect product
Trans. wreath product: not isomorphic to a non-trivial transitive wreath product

Elements of the group are displayed as words in the presentation generators from the presentation above.

Homology

Primary decomposition: $C_{23}$
Copy content comment:The primary decomposition of the group
 
Copy content magma:PrimaryInvariants(G);
 
Copy content gap:AbelianInvariants(G);
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.AbelianInvariants()
 
Schur multiplier: $C_1$
Copy content comment:The Schur multiplier of the group
 
Copy content gap:AbelianInvariantsMultiplier(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.homology(2)
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.AbelianInvariantsMultiplier()
 
Commutator length: $0$
Copy content comment:The commutator length of the group
 
Copy content gap:CommutatorLength(G);
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.CommutatorLength()
 

Subgroups

Copy content comment:List of subgroups of the group
 
Copy content magma:Subgroups(G);
 
Copy content gap:AllSubgroups(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.subgroups()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.AllSubgroups()
 

There are 2 subgroups, all normal, and all normal subgroups are characteristic.

Characteristic subgroups are shown in this color.

Special subgroups

Center: $Z \simeq$ $C_{23}$ $G/Z \simeq$ $C_1$
Copy content comment:Center of the group
 
Copy content magma:Center(G);
 
Copy content gap:Center(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.center()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.Center()
 
Commutator: $G' \simeq$ $C_1$ $G/G' \simeq$ $C_{23}$
Copy content comment:Commutator subgroup of the group G
 
Copy content magma:CommutatorSubgroup(G);
 
Copy content gap:DerivedSubgroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.commutator()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.DerivedSubgroup()
 
Frattini: $\Phi \simeq$ $C_1$ $G/\Phi \simeq$ $C_{23}$
Copy content comment:Frattini subgroup of the group G
 
Copy content magma:FrattiniSubgroup(G);
 
Copy content gap:FrattiniSubgroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.frattini_subgroup()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.FrattiniSubgroup()
 
Fitting: $\operatorname{Fit} \simeq$ $C_{23}$ $G/\operatorname{Fit} \simeq$ $C_1$
Copy content comment:Fitting subgroup of the group G
 
Copy content magma:FittingSubgroup(G);
 
Copy content gap:FittingSubgroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.fitting_subgroup()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.FittingSubgroup()
 
Radical: $R \simeq$ $C_{23}$ $G/R \simeq$ $C_1$
Copy content comment:Radical of the group G
 
Copy content magma:Radical(G);
 
Copy content gap:SolvableRadical(G);
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.SolvableRadical()
 
Socle: $\operatorname{soc} \simeq$ $C_{23}$ $G/\operatorname{soc} \simeq$ $C_1$
Copy content comment:Socle of the group G
 
Copy content magma:Socle(G);
 
Copy content gap:Socle(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.socle()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.Socle()
 
23-Sylow subgroup: $P_{ 23 } \simeq$ $C_{23}$

Subgroup diagram and profile

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Subgroup information

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Series

Derived series $C_{23}$ $\rhd$ $C_1$
Copy content comment:Derived series of the group GF
 
Copy content magma:DerivedSeries(G);
 
Copy content gap:DerivedSeriesOfGroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.derived_series()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.DerivedSeriesOfGroup()
 
Chief series $C_{23}$ $\rhd$ $C_1$
Copy content comment:Chief series of the group G
 
Copy content magma:ChiefSeries(G);
 
Copy content gap:ChiefSeries(G);
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.ChiefSeries()
 
Lower central series $C_{23}$ $\rhd$ $C_1$
Copy content comment:The lower central series of the group G
 
Copy content magma:LowerCentralSeries(G);
 
Copy content gap:LowerCentralSeriesOfGroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.lower_central_series()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.LowerCentralSeriesOfGroup()
 
Upper central series $C_1$ $\lhd$ $C_{23}$
Copy content comment:The upper central series of the group G
 
Copy content magma:UpperCentralSeries(G);
 
Copy content gap:UpperCentralSeriesOfGroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.upper_central_series()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.UpperCentralSeriesOfGroup()
 

Supergroups

This group is a maximal subgroup of 34 larger groups in the database.

This group is a maximal quotient of 33 larger groups in the database.

Character theory

Copy content comment:Character table
 
Copy content magma:CharacterTable(G); // Output not guaranteed to exactly match the LMFDB table
 
Copy content gap:CharacterTable(G); # Output not guaranteed to exactly match the LMFDB table
 
Copy content sage:G.character_table() # Output not guaranteed to exactly match the LMFDB table
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.CharacterTable() # Output not guaranteed to exactly match the LMFDB table
 

Complex character table

See the $23 \times 23$ character table. Alternatively, you may search for characters of this group with desired properties.

Rational character table

1A 23A
Size 1 22
23 P 1A 23A
23.1.1a 1 1
23.1.1b 22 −1