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Properties

Label 2448.a
Order \( 2^{4} \cdot 3^{2} \cdot 17 \)
Exponent \( 2^{3} \cdot 3^{2} \cdot 17 \)
Simple yes
$\card{G^{\mathrm{ab}}}$ \( 1 \)
$\card{Z(G)}$ \( 1 \)
$\card{\Aut(G)}$ \( 2^{5} \cdot 3^{2} \cdot 17 \)
$\card{\mathrm{Out}(G)}$ \( 2 \)
Perm deg. $18$
Trans deg. $18$
Rank $2$

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Show commands: Gap / Magma / SageMath

Copy content magma:G := PSL(2, 17);
 
Copy content gap:G := PSL(2, 17);
 
Copy content sage:G = PSL(2, 17)
 
Copy content comment:Define the group as a permutation group
 

Group information

Description:$\PSL(2,17)$
Order: \(2448\)\(\medspace = 2^{4} \cdot 3^{2} \cdot 17 \)
Copy content comment:Order of the group
 
Copy content magma:Order(G);
 
Copy content gap:Order(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.order()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.Order()
 
Exponent: \(1224\)\(\medspace = 2^{3} \cdot 3^{2} \cdot 17 \)
Copy content comment:Exponent of the group
 
Copy content magma:Exponent(G);
 
Copy content gap:Exponent(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.exponent()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.Exponent()
 
Automorphism group:$\PGL(2,17)$, of order \(4896\)\(\medspace = 2^{5} \cdot 3^{2} \cdot 17 \)
Copy content comment:Automorphism group
 
Copy content gap:AutomorphismGroup(G);
 
Copy content magma:AutomorphismGroup(G);
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.AutomorphismGroup()
 
Composition factors:$\PSL(2,17)$
Copy content comment:Composition factors of the group
 
Copy content magma:CompositionFactors(G);
 
Copy content gap:CompositionSeries(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.composition_series()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.CompositionSeries()
 
Derived length:$0$
Copy content comment:Derived length of the group
 
Copy content magma:DerivedLength(G);
 
Copy content gap:DerivedLength(G);
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.DerivedLength()
 

This group is nonabelian and simple (hence nonsolvable, perfect, quasisimple, and almost simple).

Copy content comment:Determine if the group G is abelian
 
Copy content magma:IsAbelian(G);
 
Copy content gap:IsAbelian(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.is_abelian()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.IsAbelian()
 
Copy content comment:Determine if the group G is cyclic
 
Copy content magma:IsCyclic(G);
 
Copy content gap:IsCyclic(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.is_cyclic()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.IsCyclic()
 
Copy content comment:Determine if the group G is nilpotent
 
Copy content magma:IsNilpotent(G);
 
Copy content gap:IsNilpotentGroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.is_nilpotent()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.IsNilpotentGroup()
 
Copy content comment:Determine if the group G is solvable
 
Copy content magma:IsSolvable(G);
 
Copy content gap:IsSolvableGroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.is_solvable()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.IsSolvableGroup()
 
Copy content comment:Determine if the group G is supersolvable
 
Copy content gap:IsSupersolvableGroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.is_supersolvable()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.IsSupersolvableGroup()
 
Copy content comment:Determine if the group G is simple
 
Copy content magma:IsSimple(G);
 
Copy content gap:IsSimpleGroup(G);
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.IsSimpleGroup()
 

Group statistics

Copy content comment:Compute statistics for the group G
 
Copy content magma:// Magma code to output the first two rows of the group statistics table element_orders := [Order(g) : g in G]; orders := Set(element_orders); printf "Orders: %o\n", orders; printf "Elements: %o %o\n", [#[x : x in element_orders | x eq n] : n in orders], Order(G); cc_orders := [cc[1] : cc in ConjugacyClasses(G)]; printf "Conjugacy classes: %o %o\n", [#[x : x in cc_orders | x eq n] : n in orders], #cc_orders;
 
Copy content gap:# Gap code to output the first two rows of the group statistics table element_orders := List(Elements(G), g -> Order(g)); orders := Set(element_orders); Print("Orders: ", orders, "\n"); element_counts := List(orders, n -> Length(Filtered(element_orders, x -> x = n))); Print("Elements: ", element_counts, " ", Size(G), "\n"); cc_orders := List(ConjugacyClasses(G), cc -> Order(Representative(cc))); cc_counts := List(orders, n -> Length(Filtered(cc_orders, x -> x = n))); Print("Conjugacy classes: ", cc_counts, " ", Length(ConjugacyClasses(G)), "\n");
 
Copy content sage:# Sage code to output the first two rows of the group statistics table element_orders = [g.order() for g in G] orders = sorted(list(set(element_orders))) print("Orders:", orders) print("Elements:", [element_orders.count(n) for n in orders], G.order()) cc_orders = [cc[0].order() for cc in G.conjugacy_classes()] print("Conjugacy classes:", [cc_orders.count(n) for n in orders], len(cc_orders))
 

Order 1 2 3 4 8 9 17
Elements 1 153 272 306 612 816 288 2448
Conjugacy classes   1 1 1 1 2 3 2 11
Divisions 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
Autjugacy classes 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 10

Copy content comment:Compute statistics about the characters of G
 
Copy content magma:// Outputs [<d_1,c_1>, <d_2,c_2>, ...] where c_i is the number of irr. complex chars. of G with degree d_i CharacterDegrees(G);
 
Copy content gap:# Outputs [[d_1,c_1], [d_2,c_2], ...] where c_i is the number of irr. complex chars. of G with degree d_i CharacterDegrees(G);
 
Copy content sage:# Outputs [[d_1,c_1], [d_2,c_2], ...] where c_i is the number of irr. complex chars. of G with degree d_i character_degrees = [c[0] for c in G.character_table()] [[n, character_degrees.count(n)] for n in set(character_degrees)]
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.CharacterDegrees()
 

Dimension 1 9 16 17 18 36 48
Irr. complex chars.   1 2 4 1 3 0 0 11
Irr. rational chars. 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 7

Minimal presentations

Permutation degree:$18$
Transitive degree:$18$
Rank: $2$
Inequivalent generating pairs: $1132$

Minimal degrees of faithful linear representations

Over $\mathbb{C}$ Over $\mathbb{R}$ Over $\mathbb{Q}$
Irreducible 9 9 16
Arbitrary 9 9 16

Constructions

Show commands: Gap / Magma / SageMath


Groups of Lie type:$\PSL(2,17)$, $\PSU(2,17)$, $\Omega(3,17)$, $\POmega(3,17)$, $\PSigmaL(2,17)$
Permutation group:Degree $18$ $\langle(1,5,15,9,2,6,13,12,11)(3,16,8,4,10,7,18,17,14), (1,8,11,14,4,6,3,2,16)(5,15,9,10,18,12,13,7,17)\rangle$ Copy content Toggle raw display
Copy content comment:Define the group as a permutation group
 
Copy content magma:G := PermutationGroup< 18 | (1,5,15,9,2,6,13,12,11)(3,16,8,4,10,7,18,17,14), (1,8,11,14,4,6,3,2,16)(5,15,9,10,18,12,13,7,17) >;
 
Copy content gap:G := Group( (1,5,15,9,2,6,13,12,11)(3,16,8,4,10,7,18,17,14), (1,8,11,14,4,6,3,2,16)(5,15,9,10,18,12,13,7,17) );
 
Copy content sage:G = PermutationGroup(['(1,5,15,9,2,6,13,12,11)(3,16,8,4,10,7,18,17,14)', '(1,8,11,14,4,6,3,2,16)(5,15,9,10,18,12,13,7,17)'])
 
Transitive group: 18T377 36T3474 more information
Direct product: not isomorphic to a non-trivial direct product
Semidirect product: not isomorphic to a non-trivial semidirect product
Trans. wreath product: not isomorphic to a non-trivial transitive wreath product

Elements of the group are displayed as equivalence classes (represented by square brackets) of matrices in $\SL(2,17)$.

Homology

Abelianization: $C_1 $
Copy content comment:The abelianization of the group
 
Copy content magma:quo< G | CommutatorSubgroup(G) >;
 
Copy content gap:FactorGroup(G, DerivedSubgroup(G));
 
Copy content sage:G.quotient(G.commutator())
 
Schur multiplier: $C_{2}$
Copy content comment:The Schur multiplier of the group
 
Copy content gap:AbelianInvariantsMultiplier(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.homology(2)
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.AbelianInvariantsMultiplier()
 
Commutator length: $1$
Copy content comment:The commutator length of the group
 
Copy content gap:CommutatorLength(G);
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.CommutatorLength()
 

Subgroups

Copy content comment:List of subgroups of the group
 
Copy content magma:Subgroups(G);
 
Copy content gap:AllSubgroups(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.subgroups()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.AllSubgroups()
 

There are 2420 subgroups in 22 conjugacy classes, 2 normal, and all normal subgroups are characteristic.

Characteristic subgroups are shown in this color.

Special subgroups

Center: $Z \simeq$ $C_1$ $G/Z \simeq$ $\PSL(2,17)$
Copy content comment:Center of the group
 
Copy content magma:Center(G);
 
Copy content gap:Center(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.center()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.Center()
 
Commutator: $G' \simeq$ $\PSL(2,17)$ $G/G' \simeq$ $C_1$
Copy content comment:Commutator subgroup of the group G
 
Copy content magma:CommutatorSubgroup(G);
 
Copy content gap:DerivedSubgroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.commutator()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.DerivedSubgroup()
 
Frattini: $\Phi \simeq$ $C_1$ $G/\Phi \simeq$ $\PSL(2,17)$
Copy content comment:Frattini subgroup of the group G
 
Copy content magma:FrattiniSubgroup(G);
 
Copy content gap:FrattiniSubgroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.frattini_subgroup()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.FrattiniSubgroup()
 
Fitting: $\operatorname{Fit} \simeq$ $C_1$ $G/\operatorname{Fit} \simeq$ $\PSL(2,17)$
Copy content comment:Fitting subgroup of the group G
 
Copy content magma:FittingSubgroup(G);
 
Copy content gap:FittingSubgroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.fitting_subgroup()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.FittingSubgroup()
 
Radical: $R \simeq$ $C_1$ $G/R \simeq$ $\PSL(2,17)$
Copy content comment:Radical of the group G
 
Copy content magma:Radical(G);
 
Copy content gap:SolvableRadical(G);
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.SolvableRadical()
 
Socle: $\operatorname{soc} \simeq$ $\PSL(2,17)$ $G/\operatorname{soc} \simeq$ $C_1$
Copy content comment:Socle of the group G
 
Copy content magma:Socle(G);
 
Copy content gap:Socle(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.socle()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.Socle()
 
2-Sylow subgroup: $P_{ 2 } \simeq$ $D_8$
3-Sylow subgroup: $P_{ 3 } \simeq$ $C_9$
17-Sylow subgroup: $P_{ 17 } \simeq$ $C_{17}$

Subgroup diagram and profile

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Subgroup information

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Series

Derived series $\PSL(2,17)$
Copy content comment:Derived series of the group GF
 
Copy content magma:DerivedSeries(G);
 
Copy content gap:DerivedSeriesOfGroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.derived_series()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.DerivedSeriesOfGroup()
 
Chief series $\PSL(2,17)$ $\rhd$ $C_1$
Copy content comment:Chief series of the group G
 
Copy content magma:ChiefSeries(G);
 
Copy content gap:ChiefSeries(G);
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.ChiefSeries()
 
Lower central series $\PSL(2,17)$
Copy content comment:The lower central series of the group G
 
Copy content magma:LowerCentralSeries(G);
 
Copy content gap:LowerCentralSeriesOfGroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.lower_central_series()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.LowerCentralSeriesOfGroup()
 
Upper central series $C_1$
Copy content comment:The upper central series of the group G
 
Copy content magma:UpperCentralSeries(G);
 
Copy content gap:UpperCentralSeriesOfGroup(G);
 
Copy content sage:G.upper_central_series()
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.UpperCentralSeriesOfGroup()
 

Supergroups

This group is a maximal subgroup of 5 larger groups in the database.

This group is a maximal quotient of 1 larger groups in the database.

Character theory

Copy content comment:Character table
 
Copy content magma:CharacterTable(G); // Output not guaranteed to exactly match the LMFDB table
 
Copy content gap:CharacterTable(G); # Output not guaranteed to exactly match the LMFDB table
 
Copy content sage:G.character_table() # Output not guaranteed to exactly match the LMFDB table
 
Copy content sage_gap:G.CharacterTable() # Output not guaranteed to exactly match the LMFDB table
 

Complex character table

1A 2A 3A 4A 8A1 8A3 9A1 9A2 9A4 17A1 17A3
Size 1 153 272 306 306 306 272 272 272 144 144
2 P 1A 1A 3A 2A 4A 4A 9A2 9A4 9A1 17A1 17A3
3 P 1A 2A 1A 4A 8A3 8A1 3A 3A 3A 17A3 17A1
17 P 1A 2A 3A 4A 8A1 8A3 9A1 9A2 9A4 1A 1A
Type
2448.a.1a R 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2448.a.9a1 R 9 1 0 1 −1 −1 0 0 0 ζ17−7+ζ17−6+ζ17−5+ζ17−3+1+ζ173+ζ175+ζ176+ζ177 −ζ17−7−ζ17−6−ζ17−5−ζ17−3−ζ173−ζ175−ζ176−ζ177
2448.a.9a2 R 9 1 0 1 −1 −1 0 0 0 −ζ17−7−ζ17−6−ζ17−5−ζ17−3−ζ173−ζ175−ζ176−ζ177 ζ17−7+ζ17−6+ζ17−5+ζ17−3+1+ζ173+ζ175+ζ176+ζ177
2448.a.16a R 16 0 −2 0 0 0 1 1 1 −1 −1
2448.a.16b1 R 16 0 1 0 0 0 −ζ9−1−ζ9 −ζ9−2−ζ92 −ζ9−4−ζ94 −1 −1
2448.a.16b2 R 16 0 1 0 0 0 −ζ9−2−ζ92 −ζ9−4−ζ94 −ζ9−1−ζ9 −1 −1
2448.a.16b3 R 16 0 1 0 0 0 −ζ9−4−ζ94 −ζ9−1−ζ9 −ζ9−2−ζ92 −1 −1
2448.a.17a R 17 1 −1 1 1 1 −1 −1 −1 0 0
2448.a.18a R 18 2 0 −2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
2448.a.18b1 R 18 −2 0 0 −ζ8−1−ζ8 ζ8−1+ζ8 0 0 0 1 1
2448.a.18b2 R 18 −2 0 0 ζ8−1+ζ8 −ζ8−1−ζ8 0 0 0 1 1

Rational character table

1A 2A 3A 4A 8A 9A 17A
Size 1 153 272 306 612 816 288
2 P 1A 1A 3A 2A 4A 9A 17A
3 P 1A 2A 1A 4A 8A 3A 17A
17 P 1A 2A 3A 4A 8A 9A 1A
2448.a.1a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2448.a.9a 18 2 0 2 −2 0 1
2448.a.16a 16 0 −2 0 0 1 −1
2448.a.16b 48 0 3 0 0 0 −3
2448.a.17a 17 1 −1 1 1 −1 0
2448.a.18a 18 2 0 −2 0 0 1
2448.a.18b 36 −4 0 0 0 0 2