
// Make newform 40.3.e.b in Magma, downloaded from the LMFDB on 17 April 2026.
// To make the character of type GrpDrchElt, type "MakeCharacter_40_e();"
// To make the character of type GrpDrchElt with Codomain the HeckeField, type "MakeCharacter_40_e_Hecke();"
// To make the coeffs of the qexp of the newform in the Hecke field type "qexpCoeffs();"
// To make the newform (type ModFrm), type "MakeNewformModFrm_40_3_e_b();".
// This may take a long time!  To see verbose output, uncomment the SetVerbose lines below.
// The precision argument determines an initial guess on how many Fourier coefficients to use.
// This guess is increased enough to uniquely determine the newform.
// To make the Hecke irreducible modular symbols subspace (type ModSym)
// containing the newform, type "MakeNewformModSym_40_3_e_b();".
// This may take a long time!  To see verbose output, uncomment the SetVerbose line below.
// The default sign is -1.  You can change this with the optional parameter "sign".
function ConvertToHeckeField(input: pass_field := false, Kf := [])
    if not pass_field then
        Kf := Rationals();
    end if;
    return [Kf!elt[1] : elt in input];
end function;


// To make the character of type GrpDrchElt, type "MakeCharacter_40_e();"
function MakeCharacter_40_e()
    N := 40;
    order := 2;
    char_gens := [31, 21, 17];
    v := [1, 1, 1];
    // chi(gens[i]) = zeta^v[i]
    assert UnitGenerators(DirichletGroup(N)) eq char_gens;
    F := CyclotomicField(order);
    chi := DirichletCharacterFromValuesOnUnitGenerators(DirichletGroup(N,F),[F|F.1^e:e in v]);
    return MinimalBaseRingCharacter(chi);
end function;

// To make the character of type GrpDrchElt with Codomain the HeckeField, type "MakeCharacter_40_e_Hecke();"
function MakeCharacter_40_e_Hecke( : Kf := false)
    N := 40;
    order := 2;
    char_gens := [31, 21, 17];
    char_values := [[-1], [-1], [-1]];
    assert UnitGenerators(DirichletGroup(N)) eq char_gens;
    values := ConvertToHeckeField(char_values : pass_field := ISA(Type(Kf), Fld), Kf := Kf); // the value of chi on the gens as elements in the Hecke field
    F := Universe(values);// the Hecke field
    chi := DirichletCharacterFromValuesOnUnitGenerators(DirichletGroup(N,F),values);
    return chi;
end function;


function ExtendMultiplicatively(weight, aps, character)
    prec := NextPrime(NthPrime(#aps)) - 1; // we will able to figure out a_0 ... a_prec
    primes := PrimesUpTo(prec);
    prime_powers := primes;
    assert #primes eq #aps;
    log_prec := Floor(Log(prec)/Log(2)); // prec < 2^(log_prec+1)
    F := Universe(aps);
    FXY<X, Y> := PolynomialRing(F, 2);
    // 1/(1 - a_p T + p^(weight - 1) * char(p) T^2) = 1 + a_p T + a_{p^2} T^2 + ...
    R<T> := PowerSeriesRing(FXY : Precision := log_prec + 1);
    recursion := Coefficients(1/(1 - X*T + Y*T^2));
    coeffs := [F!0: i in [1..prec]];
    coeffs[1] := 1; //a_1
    for i := 1 to #primes do
        p := primes[i];
        coeffs[p] := aps[i];
        b := p^(weight - 1) * F!character(p);
        r := 2;
        p_power := p * p;
        //deals with powers of p
        while p_power le prec do
            Append(~prime_powers, p_power);
            coeffs[p_power] := Evaluate(recursion[r + 1], [aps[i], b]);
            p_power *:= p;
            r +:= 1;
        end while;    
    end for;
    Sort(~prime_powers);
    for pp in prime_powers do
        for k := 1 to Floor(prec/pp) do
            if GCD(k, pp) eq 1 then
                coeffs[pp*k] := coeffs[pp]*coeffs[k];
            end if;
        end for;
    end for;
    return coeffs;
end function;


function qexpCoeffs()
    // To make the coeffs of the qexp of the newform in the Hecke field type "qexpCoeffs();"
    weight := 3;
    raw_aps := [[2], [0], [-5], [-6], [-18], [6], [0], [-2], [26], [0], [0], [54], [-78], [0], [-86], [-74], [78], [0], [0], [0], [0], [0], [0], [18], [0], [0], [186], [0], [0], [0], [-246], [222], [0], [-82], [0], [0], [-186], [0], [314], [166], [318], [0], [0], [0], [-106], [0], [62], [-54], [0], [0], [0], [0], [-158], [-498], [0], [-454], [0], [0], [-426], [-78], [0], [566], [0], [0], [0], [-346], [-338], [0], [0], [0], [0], [0], [234], [-234], [398], [586], [0], [774], [642], [-622], [-162], [0], [0], [0], [0], [0], [258], [0], [0], [426], [0], [0], [-6], [-978], [-962], [-614], [0], [402], [0], [0], [0], [934], [0], [978], [-818], [0], [0], [0], [0], [562], [-1206], [-1194], [0], [878], [0], [-1278], [0], [-326], [1286], [-642], [0], [0], [-1066], [0], [382], [0], [0], [0], [1434], [-954], [1438], [-134], [0], [534], [-1038], [1378], [1046], [0], [-26], [-942], [-1618], [0], [666], [0], [0], [0], [-1674], [0], [-1522], [-1654], [-1626], [1602], [0], [1754], [0], [0], [0], [-702], [0], [0], [0], [0], [954], [1902], [0], [346], [0], [-426]];
    aps := ConvertToHeckeField(raw_aps);
    chi := MakeCharacter_40_e_Hecke( : Kf := Universe(aps));
    return ExtendMultiplicatively(weight, aps, chi);
end function;


// To make the newform (type ModFrm), type "MakeNewformModFrm_40_3_e_b();".
// This may take a long time!  To see verbose output, uncomment the SetVerbose lines below.
// The precision argument determines an initial guess on how many Fourier coefficients to use.
// This guess is increased enough to uniquely determine the newform.
function MakeNewformModFrm_40_3_e_b(:prec:=1)
    chi := MakeCharacter_40_e();
    f_vec := qexpCoeffs();
    Kf := Universe(f_vec);
    // SetVerbose("ModularForms", true);
    // SetVerbose("ModularSymbols", true);
    S := CuspidalSubspace(ModularForms(chi, 3));
    S := BaseChange(S, Kf);
    maxprec := NextPrime(997) - 1;
    while true do
        trunc_vec := Vector(Kf, [0] cat [f_vec[i]: i in [1..prec]]);
        B := Basis(S, prec + 1);
        S_basismat := Matrix([AbsEltseq(g): g in B]);
        if Rank(S_basismat) eq Min(NumberOfRows(S_basismat), NumberOfColumns(S_basismat)) then
            S_basismat := ChangeRing(S_basismat,Kf);
            f_lincom := Solution(S_basismat,trunc_vec);
            f := &+[f_lincom[i]*Basis(S)[i] : i in [1..#Basis(S)]];
            return f;
        end if;
        error if prec eq maxprec, "Unable to distinguish newform within newspace";
        prec := Min(Ceiling(1.25 * prec), maxprec);
    end while;
end function;


// To make the Hecke irreducible modular symbols subspace (type ModSym)
// containing the newform, type "MakeNewformModSym_40_3_e_b();".
// This may take a long time!  To see verbose output, uncomment the SetVerbose line below.
// The default sign is -1.  You can change this with the optional parameter "sign".
function MakeNewformModSym_40_3_e_b( : sign := -1)
    R<x> := PolynomialRing(Rationals());
    chi := MakeCharacter_40_e();
    // SetVerbose("ModularSymbols", true);
    Snew := NewSubspace(CuspidalSubspace(ModularSymbols(chi,3,sign)));
    Vf := Kernel([<3,R![0, 1]>,<7,R![6, 1]>],Snew);
    return Vf;
end function;