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Properties

Label 162.c3
Conductor $162$
Discriminant $-648$
j-invariant \( -\frac{140625}{8} \)
CM no
Rank $0$
Torsion structure \(\Z/{3}\Z\)

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This curve corresponds to a sporadic degree 3 point on $X_1(21)$. It is the unique elliptic curve over $\Q$ that has a point of order 21 defined over a cubic field [10.4310/MRL.2016.v23.n1.a12, MR:3512885, arXiv:1211.2188].

Minimal Weierstrass equation

Minimal Weierstrass equation

Simplified equation

\(y^2+xy+y=x^3-x^2-5x+5\) Copy content Toggle raw display (homogenize, simplify)
\(y^2z+xyz+yz^2=x^3-x^2z-5xz^2+5z^3\) Copy content Toggle raw display (dehomogenize, simplify)
\(y^2=x^3-75x+262\) Copy content Toggle raw display (homogenize, minimize)

comment: Define the curve
 
sage: E = EllipticCurve([1, -1, 1, -5, 5])
 
gp: E = ellinit([1, -1, 1, -5, 5])
 
magma: E := EllipticCurve([1, -1, 1, -5, 5]);
 
oscar: E = EllipticCurve([1, -1, 1, -5, 5])
 
sage: E.short_weierstrass_model()
 
magma: WeierstrassModel(E);
 
oscar: short_weierstrass_model(E)
 

Mordell-Weil group structure

\(\Z/{3}\Z\)

magma: MordellWeilGroup(E);
 

Torsion generators

\( \left(1, 0\right) \) Copy content Toggle raw display

comment: Torsion subgroup
 
sage: E.torsion_subgroup().gens()
 
gp: elltors(E)
 
magma: TorsionSubgroup(E);
 
oscar: torsion_structure(E)
 

Integral points

\( \left(1, 0\right) \), \( \left(1, -2\right) \) Copy content Toggle raw display

comment: Integral points
 
sage: E.integral_points()
 
magma: IntegralPoints(E);
 

Invariants

Conductor: \( 162 \)  =  $2 \cdot 3^{4}$
comment: Conductor
 
sage: E.conductor().factor()
 
gp: ellglobalred(E)[1]
 
magma: Conductor(E);
 
oscar: conductor(E)
 
Discriminant: $-648 $  =  $-1 \cdot 2^{3} \cdot 3^{4} $
comment: Discriminant
 
sage: E.discriminant().factor()
 
gp: E.disc
 
magma: Discriminant(E);
 
oscar: discriminant(E)
 
j-invariant: \( -\frac{140625}{8} \)  =  $-1 \cdot 2^{-3} \cdot 3^{2} \cdot 5^{6}$
comment: j-invariant
 
sage: E.j_invariant().factor()
 
gp: E.j
 
magma: jInvariant(E);
 
oscar: j_invariant(E)
 
Endomorphism ring: $\Z$
Geometric endomorphism ring: \(\Z\) (no potential complex multiplication)
sage: E.has_cm()
 
magma: HasComplexMultiplication(E);
 
Sato-Tate group: $\mathrm{SU}(2)$
Faltings height: $-0.70358699565001647072183612100\dots$
gp: ellheight(E)
 
magma: FaltingsHeight(E);
 
oscar: faltings_height(E)
 
Stable Faltings height: $-1.0697910918727197011869178666\dots$
magma: StableFaltingsHeight(E);
 
oscar: stable_faltings_height(E)
 

BSD invariants

Analytic rank: $0$
sage: E.analytic_rank()
 
gp: ellanalyticrank(E)
 
magma: AnalyticRank(E);
 
Regulator: $1$
comment: Regulator
 
sage: E.regulator()
 
G = E.gen \\ if available
 
matdet(ellheightmatrix(E,G))
 
magma: Regulator(E);
 
Real period: $5.0519074123511111955585639056\dots$
comment: Real Period
 
sage: E.period_lattice().omega()
 
gp: if(E.disc>0,2,1)*E.omega[1]
 
magma: (Discriminant(E) gt 0 select 2 else 1) * RealPeriod(E);
 
Tamagawa product: $ 3 $  = $ 3\cdot1 $
comment: Tamagawa numbers
 
sage: E.tamagawa_numbers()
 
gp: gr=ellglobalred(E); [[gr[4][i,1],gr[5][i][4]] | i<-[1..#gr[4][,1]]]
 
magma: TamagawaNumbers(E);
 
oscar: tamagawa_numbers(E)
 
Torsion order: $3$
comment: Torsion order
 
sage: E.torsion_order()
 
gp: elltors(E)[1]
 
magma: Order(TorsionSubgroup(E));
 
oscar: prod(torsion_structure(E)[1])
 
Analytic order of Ш: $1$ (exact)
comment: Order of Sha
 
sage: E.sha().an_numerical()
 
magma: MordellWeilShaInformation(E);
 
Special value: $ L(E,1) $ ≈ $ 1.6839691374503703985195213019 $
comment: Special L-value
 
r = E.rank();
 
E.lseries().dokchitser().derivative(1,r)/r.factorial()
 
gp: [r,L1r] = ellanalyticrank(E); L1r/r!
 
magma: Lr1 where r,Lr1 := AnalyticRank(E: Precision:=12);
 

BSD formula

$\displaystyle 1.683969137 \approx L(E,1) = \frac{\# Ш(E/\Q)\cdot \Omega_E \cdot \mathrm{Reg}(E/\Q) \cdot \prod_p c_p}{\#E(\Q)_{\rm tor}^2} \approx \frac{1 \cdot 5.051907 \cdot 1.000000 \cdot 3}{3^2} \approx 1.683969137$

# self-contained SageMath code snippet for the BSD formula (checks rank, computes analytic sha)
 
E = EllipticCurve(%s); r = E.rank(); ar = E.analytic_rank(); assert r == ar;
 
Lr1 = E.lseries().dokchitser().derivative(1,r)/r.factorial(); sha = E.sha().an_numerical();
 
omega = E.period_lattice().omega(); reg = E.regulator(); tam = E.tamagawa_product(); tor = E.torsion_order();
 
assert r == ar; print("analytic sha: " + str(RR(Lr1) * tor^2 / (omega * reg * tam)))
 
/* self-contained Magma code snippet for the BSD formula (checks rank, computes analyiic sha) */
 
E := EllipticCurve(%s); r := Rank(E); ar,Lr1 := AnalyticRank(E: Precision := 12); assert r eq ar;
 
sha := MordellWeilShaInformation(E); omega := RealPeriod(E) * (Discriminant(E) gt 0 select 2 else 1);
 
reg := Regulator(E); tam := &*TamagawaNumbers(E); tor := #TorsionSubgroup(E);
 
assert r eq ar; print "analytic sha:", Lr1 * tor^2 / (omega * reg * tam);
 

Modular invariants

Modular form   162.2.a.c

\( q + q^{2} + q^{4} + 2 q^{7} + q^{8} - 3 q^{11} + 2 q^{13} + 2 q^{14} + q^{16} - 3 q^{17} - q^{19} + O(q^{20}) \) Copy content Toggle raw display

comment: q-expansion of modular form
 
sage: E.q_eigenform(20)
 
\\ actual modular form, use for small N
 
[mf,F] = mffromell(E)
 
Ser(mfcoefs(mf,20),q)
 
\\ or just the series
 
Ser(ellan(E,20),q)*q
 
magma: ModularForm(E);
 

For more coefficients, see the Downloads section to the right.

Modular degree: 6
comment: Modular degree
 
sage: E.modular_degree()
 
gp: ellmoddegree(E)
 
magma: ModularDegree(E);
 
$ \Gamma_0(N) $-optimal: yes
Manin constant: 1
comment: Manin constant
 
magma: ManinConstant(E);
 

Local data

This elliptic curve is not semistable. There are 2 primes of bad reduction:

prime Tamagawa number Kodaira symbol Reduction type Root number ord($N$) ord($\Delta$) ord$(j)_{-}$
$2$ $3$ $I_{3}$ Split multiplicative -1 1 3 3
$3$ $1$ $II$ Additive 1 4 4 0

comment: Local data
 
sage: E.local_data()
 
gp: ellglobalred(E)[5]
 
magma: [LocalInformation(E,p) : p in BadPrimes(E)];
 
oscar: [(p,tamagawa_number(E,p), kodaira_symbol(E,p), reduction_type(E,p)) for p in bad_primes(E)]
 

Galois representations

The $\ell$-adic Galois representation has maximal image for all primes $\ell$ except those listed in the table below.

prime $\ell$ mod-$\ell$ image $\ell$-adic image
$2$ 2G 8.2.0.1
$3$ 3B.1.1 3.8.0.1
$7$ 7B.2.1 7.16.0.1

comment: mod p Galois image
 
sage: rho = E.galois_representation(); [rho.image_type(p) for p in rho.non_surjective()]
 
magma: [GaloisRepresentation(E,p): p in PrimesUpTo(20)];
 

gens = [[281, 392, 112, 393], [1, 426, 42, 253], [1, 216, 0, 1], [1, 0, 462, 1], [85, 42, 189, 43], [1, 0, 168, 1], [337, 168, 336, 169], [295, 42, 231, 211], [22, 321, 189, 169], [1, 42, 0, 73], [1, 0, 420, 1], [1, 168, 0, 1], [463, 282, 420, 295], [177, 10, 448, 417]]
 
GL(2,Integers(504)).subgroup(gens)
 
Gens := [[281, 392, 112, 393], [1, 426, 42, 253], [1, 216, 0, 1], [1, 0, 462, 1], [85, 42, 189, 43], [1, 0, 168, 1], [337, 168, 336, 169], [295, 42, 231, 211], [22, 321, 189, 169], [1, 42, 0, 73], [1, 0, 420, 1], [1, 168, 0, 1], [463, 282, 420, 295], [177, 10, 448, 417]];
 
sub<GL(2,Integers(504))|Gens>;
 

The image $H:=\rho_E(\Gal(\overline{\Q}/\Q))$ of the adelic Galois representation has level \( 504 = 2^{3} \cdot 3^{2} \cdot 7 \), index $768$, genus $21$, and generators

$\left(\begin{array}{rr} 281 & 392 \\ 112 & 393 \end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{rr} 1 & 426 \\ 42 & 253 \end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{rr} 1 & 216 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{rr} 1 & 0 \\ 462 & 1 \end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{rr} 85 & 42 \\ 189 & 43 \end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{rr} 1 & 0 \\ 168 & 1 \end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{rr} 337 & 168 \\ 336 & 169 \end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{rr} 295 & 42 \\ 231 & 211 \end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{rr} 22 & 321 \\ 189 & 169 \end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{rr} 1 & 42 \\ 0 & 73 \end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{rr} 1 & 0 \\ 420 & 1 \end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{rr} 1 & 168 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{rr} 463 & 282 \\ 420 & 295 \end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{rr} 177 & 10 \\ 448 & 417 \end{array}\right)$.

Input positive integer $m$ to see the generators of the reduction of $H$ to $\mathrm{GL}_2(\Z/m\Z)$:

The torsion field $K:=\Q(E[504])$ is a degree-$15676416$ Galois extension of $\Q$ with $\Gal(K/\Q)$ isomorphic to the projection of $H$ to $\GL_2(\Z/504\Z)$.

Isogenies

gp: ellisomat(E)
 

This curve has non-trivial cyclic isogenies of degree $d$ for $d=$ 3, 7 and 21.
Its isogeny class 162.c consists of 4 curves linked by isogenies of degrees dividing 21.

Twists

The minimal quadratic twist of this elliptic curve is 162.b3, its twist by $-3$.

Growth of torsion in number fields

The number fields $K$ of degree less than 24 such that $E(K)_{\rm tors}$ is strictly larger than $E(\Q)_{\rm tors}$ $\cong \Z/{3}\Z$ are as follows:

$[K:\Q]$ $K$ $E(K)_{\rm tors}$ Base change curve
$3$ 3.1.648.1 \(\Z/6\Z\) Not in database
$3$ \(\Q(\zeta_{9})^+\) \(\Z/21\Z\) 3.3.81.1-8.1-a1
$6$ 6.0.3359232.4 \(\Z/2\Z \oplus \Z/6\Z\) Not in database
$6$ 6.0.177147.2 \(\Z/3\Z \oplus \Z/3\Z\) Not in database
$9$ 9.3.74384733888.1 \(\Z/9\Z\) Not in database
$9$ 9.3.272097792.1 \(\Z/42\Z\) Not in database
$12$ 12.2.5777633090469888.10 \(\Z/12\Z\) Not in database
$18$ 18.0.1062353018033006514536448.1 \(\Z/3\Z \oplus \Z/6\Z\) Not in database
$18$ 18.0.37907050706572935168.1 \(\Z/2\Z \oplus \Z/42\Z\) Not in database
$18$ 18.0.4052555153018976267.1 \(\Z/3\Z \oplus \Z/21\Z\) Not in database

We only show fields where the torsion growth is primitive.

Iwasawa invariants

$p$ 2 3 5 7
Reduction type split add ss ord
$\lambda$-invariant(s) 4 - 0,0 0
$\mu$-invariant(s) 0 - 0,0 0

All Iwasawa $\lambda$ and $\mu$-invariants for primes $p\ge 11$ of good reduction are zero.

An entry - indicates that the invariants are not computed because the reduction is additive.

$p$-adic regulators

All $p$-adic regulators are identically $1$ since the rank is $0$.