Properties

Label 21.11
Modulus $21$
Conductor $21$
Order $6$
Real no
Primitive yes
Minimal yes
Parity odd

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Show commands: PariGP / SageMath
from sage.modular.dirichlet import DirichletCharacter
 
H = DirichletGroup(21, base_ring=CyclotomicField(6))
 
M = H._module
 
chi = DirichletCharacter(H, M([3,4]))
 
pari: [g,chi] = znchar(Mod(11,21))
 

Basic properties

Modulus: \(21\)
Conductor: \(21\)
sage: chi.conductor()
 
pari: znconreyconductor(g,chi)
 
Order: \(6\)
sage: chi.multiplicative_order()
 
pari: charorder(g,chi)
 
Real: no
Primitive: yes
sage: chi.is_primitive()
 
pari: #znconreyconductor(g,chi)==1
 
Minimal: yes
Parity: odd
sage: chi.is_odd()
 
pari: zncharisodd(g,chi)
 

Galois orbit 21.h

\(\chi_{21}(2,\cdot)\) \(\chi_{21}(11,\cdot)\)

sage: chi.galois_orbit()
 
order = charorder(g,chi)
 
[ charpow(g,chi, k % order) | k <-[1..order-1], gcd(k,order)==1 ]
 

Related number fields

Field of values: \(\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_3)\)
Fixed field: 6.0.64827.1

Values on generators

\((8,10)\) → \((-1,e\left(\frac{2}{3}\right))\)

Values

\(a\) \(-1\)\(1\)\(2\)\(4\)\(5\)\(8\)\(10\)\(11\)\(13\)\(16\)\(17\)\(19\)
\( \chi_{ 21 }(11, a) \) \(-1\)\(1\)\(e\left(\frac{5}{6}\right)\)\(e\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)\)\(e\left(\frac{5}{6}\right)\)\(-1\)\(e\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)\)\(e\left(\frac{1}{6}\right)\)\(1\)\(e\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\)\(e\left(\frac{1}{6}\right)\)\(e\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\)
sage: chi.jacobi_sum(n)
 
\( \chi_{ 21 }(11,a) \;\) at \(\;a = \) e.g. 2

Gauss sum

sage: chi.gauss_sum(a)
 
pari: znchargauss(g,chi,a)
 
\( \tau_{ a }( \chi_{ 21 }(11,·) )\;\) at \(\;a = \) e.g. 2

Jacobi sum

sage: chi.jacobi_sum(n)
 
\( J(\chi_{ 21 }(11,·),\chi_{ 21 }(n,·)) \;\) for \( \; n = \) e.g. 1

Kloosterman sum

sage: chi.kloosterman_sum(a,b)
 
\(K(a,b,\chi_{ 21 }(11,·)) \;\) at \(\; a,b = \) e.g. 1,2