↑

Properties

Label 197.196
Modulus $197$
Conductor $197$
Order $2$
Real yes
Primitive yes
Minimal yes
Parity even

Related objects

Downloads

Learn more

Show commands: Magma / Pari/GP / SageMath
Copy content comment:Define the Dirichlet character
 
Copy content sage:from sage.modular.dirichlet import DirichletCharacter H = DirichletGroup(197, base_ring=CyclotomicField(2)) M = H._module chi = DirichletCharacter(H, M([1]))
 
Copy content gp:[g,chi] = znchar(Mod(196, 197))
 
Copy content magma:// Please install CHIMP (https://github.com/edgarcosta/CHIMP) if you want to run this code chi := DirichletCharacter("197.196");
 

Kronecker symbol representation

Copy content comment:Kronecker symbol
 
Copy content sage:kronecker_character(197)
 
Copy content gp:znchartokronecker(g,chi)
 
Copy content magma:KroneckerCharacter(197);
 

\(\displaystyle\left(\frac{197}{\bullet}\right)\)

Basic properties

Modulus: \(197\)
Copy content comment:Modulus
 
Copy content sage:chi.modulus()
 
Copy content gp:g[1][1]
 
Copy content magma:Modulus(chi);
 
Conductor: \(197\)
Copy content comment:Conductor
 
Copy content sage:chi.conductor()
 
Copy content gp:znconreyconductor(g,chi)
 
Copy content magma:Conductor(chi);
 
Order: \(2\)
Copy content comment:Order
 
Copy content sage:chi.multiplicative_order()
 
Copy content gp:charorder(g,chi)
 
Copy content magma:Order(chi);
 
Real: yes
Copy content comment:Whether the character is real
 
Copy content sage:chi.multiplicative_order() <= 2
 
Copy content gp:charorder(g,chi) <= 2
 
Copy content magma:Order(chi) le 2;
 
Primitive: yes
Copy content comment:If the character is primitive
 
Copy content sage:chi.is_primitive()
 
Copy content gp:#znconreyconductor(g,chi)==1
 
Copy content magma:IsPrimitive(chi);
 
Minimal: yes
Parity: even
Copy content comment:Parity
 
Copy content sage:chi.is_odd()
 
Copy content gp:zncharisodd(g,chi)
 
Copy content magma:IsOdd(chi);
 

Galois orbit 197.b

\(\chi_{197}(196,\cdot)\)

Copy content comment:Galois orbit
 
Copy content sage:chi.galois_orbit()
 
Copy content gp:order = charorder(g,chi) [ charpow(g,chi, k % order) | k <-[1..order-1], gcd(k,order)==1 ]
 
Copy content magma:order := Order(chi); { chi^k : k in [1..order-1] | GCD(k,order) eq 1 };
 

Related number fields

Field of values: \(\Q\)
Fixed field: \(\Q(\sqrt{197}) \)

Values on generators

\(2\) → \(-1\)

First values

\(a\) \(-1\)\(1\)\(2\)\(3\)\(4\)\(5\)\(6\)\(7\)\(8\)\(9\)\(10\)\(11\)
\( \chi_{ 197 }(196, a) \) \(1\)\(1\)\(-1\)\(-1\)\(1\)\(-1\)\(1\)\(1\)\(-1\)\(1\)\(1\)\(-1\)
Copy content comment:Value of chi at x
 
Copy content sage:chi(x)
 
Copy content gp:chareval(g,chi,x) \\\\ x integer, value in Q/Z'
 
Copy content magma:chi(x)
 
\( \chi_{ 197 }(196,a) \;\) at \(\;a = \) e.g. 2

Gauss sum

Copy content comment:Gauss sum
 
Copy content sage:chi.gauss_sum(a)
 
Copy content gp:znchargauss(g,chi,a)
 
\( \tau_{ a }( \chi_{ 197 }(196,·) )\;\) at \(\;a = \) e.g. 2

Jacobi sum

Copy content comment:Jacobi sum
 
Copy content sage:chi.jacobi_sum(n)
 
\( J(\chi_{ 197 }(196,·),\chi_{ 197 }(n,·)) \;\) for \( \; n = \) e.g. 1

Kloosterman sum

Copy content comment:Kloosterman sum
 
Copy content sage:chi.kloosterman_sum(a,b)
 
\(K(a,b,\chi_{ 197 }(196,·)) \;\) at \(\; a,b = \) e.g. 1,2