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Let $$f$$ be a modular form on a finite index subgroup $$\Gamma$$ of $\SL_2(\Z)$, and suppose $\Gamma$ contains the matrix $T:=\left(\begin{matrix}1&1\\0&1\end{matrix}\right)$. Then $f$ is periodic with period 1, so it has a Fourier expansion of the form $f(z)=\sum_{n\ge 0}a_n q^n ,$ where $q=e^{2 \pi i z}$. That is the Fourier expansion of $f$ around the cusp $\infty$, with Fourier coefficients $a_n$. If one says "the Fourier expansion of $f$", is it understood to refer to the expansion at $\infty$.

For other cusps of $\Gamma$, suppose $w$ is the width of the cusp $\gamma\infty$, for some cusp representative $\gamma$. Then we can write $f$ as $f(z)=g_\gamma(e^{2\pi iz/w})$ for some holomorphic function $g_\gamma$ on the punctured unit disk. We can expand $g$ as a Laurent series: $g_\gamma(q^{1/w})=\sum_{n\geq0}a_\gamma(n)q^{n/w}\quad\text{for}\quad0<|q|<1.$

We then define the Fourier expansion of $f$ around the cusp $\gamma\infty$ to be $f(z)=\sum_{n \geq0}a_\gamma(n)q^{n/w},$ where $q=e^{2\pi iz}$.

The $a_\gamma(n)$ are called the Fourier coefficients of $f$ with respect to the cusp $\gamma\infty$.

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• Review status: reviewed
• Last edited by David Farmer on 2019-05-01 14:28:42
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